Peace, Security and Defence Summit – Europe after February 24th: how secure is it?

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Peace, Security and Defence Summit – Europe after February 24th: how secure is it?

What happened?

The old war and the new: rearming Europe for a peaceful future

Russia’s war in Ukraine shows the importance of both classic and cyber-defence capabilities to spread European peace and democratic values, heard the audience at Friends of Europe’s Peace, Security and Defence Summit in Brussels on 17 November 2022. Experts also said the European Union should boost multilateral cooperation and demand a trustworthy digital metaverse for citizens, alongside European rearmament following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.

“As important as the ability to counter hybrid attacks is, it is still important to have a traditional military reaction force,” said Antti Kaikkonen, Finnish Minister of Defence, opening the multi-session summit. “It’s very cool to have advanced cyber-capabilities but if I had to choose, I’d rather have a full stock of ammunition,” added Tomasz Smura, Director of the Research Office at the Casimir Pulaski Foundation.

Composed of a series of interactive debates, the summit considered current geopolitical tensions and European rearmament, the role that emerging and disruptive technologies will play in defence, and possible security cooperation between Europe and Africa.

Jörg See, Deputy Assistant Secretary General for Defence Policy and Planning at NATO, agreed that the war in Ukraine shows it is vital to balance investments in traditional and cyber-defence. The key to success here, he said, will be talking to industry and creating incentives for them to invest in European rearmament.

Kira Rudik, Member of the Ukrainian parliament and Vice President of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE), agreed that the war highlights the importance of both online and traditional security capabilities. She said tough security legislation and the ability to protect data should have been developed earlier.

“The important thing is to spend not more, but better,” said Ludivine Dedonder, Belgian Minister of Defence. This should include working towards better European defence and strategic autonomy.

Valeriya Ionan, Ukrainian Deputy Minister for European Integration, said 24 February 2022 marked “the start of new digital military era”. As well as mobilising troops and armaments on the ground in Ukraine, she explained, defending digital borders is crucial.

Ukraine plans to continue efforts to digitalise after the war, Ionan added, eventually becoming “absolutely paperless [and] the biggest European IT hub”.

Safe, green and European

Kavya Pearlman, Founder and CEO of XR Safety Initiative (XRSI), continued the theme of digitalisation in war and peacetime. Many people are sceptical of the fully ‘immersive’ metaverse, which is expected to be the next iteration of the internet. This gives Europeans an opportunity to demand trustworthy online ecosystems that are coded for human wellbeing at an early stage.

A more innovative, modern military capability should also mean ‘greening’ defence systems, participants heard. Kris Peeters, Vice President of the European Investment Bank (EIB), said the EIB would soon launch a ‘Green Defence Initiative’, encouraging the military to be more energy and CO2-efficient.

Moderator and Senior Fellow at Friends of Europe, Jamie Shea said the war could be “a great opportunity to increase multinational cooperation”, both within the EU and beyond.

A new, more European approach to cooperation will be vital to world peace and stability, experts at the summit agreed. Instead of “a one-way street” on which wealthy countries try to simply pay for security in Africa, the EU model is “more participatory – a partnership model,” explained David Korpela, Head of Cabinet of the EU Special Representative for the Horn of Africa.

Richard Spearman, Senior External Affairs Advisor for Security and Resilience at Vodafone Group, agreed that “we all need to be working with greater urgency”. Like Pearlman, he said privacy and security should be built into the metaverse by design. “Get human concerns in at the start of the process,” he urged.

We are all now part of a new technological cold war between democracies and technocracies, summit participants heard. More than ever, it will be vital to keep European values at the heart of efforts to defend and rebuild.

2022 - Peace, security & defence policy summit.


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Schedule

Schedule

Welcome coffee and registration for participants
Business breakfast roundtable - Launch of the partnership between Friends of Europe and XR Safety Initiative (XRSI) Expand Business breakfast roundtable - Launch of the partnership between Friends of Europe and XR Safety Initiative (XRSI)

The partnership between Friends of Europe and XRSI will kick off with a discussion about tech companies in the 21st century. Are they indispensable actors of societal resilience?

According to Friends of Europe’s latest tabletop exercise report, ‘Europe in 2030: strengthening public-private cooperation in hybrid crises’, more efficient cooperation between the public and private sectors is indispensable for Europe to ready itself for the world beyond 2030. Ensuring that European democracies weather the challenges of artificial intelligence, immersive technologies and quantum computing will need private companies to assume a key role in securing citizens and societies. This will call public institutions to adjust their modus operandi to accommodate the private sector into the security realm. Likewise, and above all, it will require tech companies to adapt their operations to the needs of democratic governance and human rights protection.

Questions include:

  • How do we make sure that the design of new technologies is human-centric?
  • What can be done to make Europe more competitive in the world of emerging and disruptive technologies?
  • How can we ensure that regulations on emerging and disruptive technologies do not stifle innovation?

Moderator

Kavya Pearlman

Founder and Chief Executive Officer of XR Safety Initiative (XRSI)

Speakers

Hendrik Bourgeois

Vice-President of European Government Affairs at Intel

Torsten Küpper

Head of Government Affairs and Public Policy for Europe, Middle East and Africa at Dell Technologies

Richard Spearman

Senior External Affairs Advisor for Security and Resilience at Vodafone Group

Leendert van Bochoven

Global Director for National Security at IBM

Coffee break
SESSION I — Investing in Europe’s military modernisation: what smart solutions exist for the short and long terms?
Expand SESSION I — Investing in Europe’s military modernisation: what smart solutions exist for the short and long terms?

The Russian invasion of Ukraine shed a new light on what constitutes a capable and effective military. Fierce, efficient Ukrainian resistance, halting tanks and helicopters with light portable weapons, as well as the preservation of command-and-control capabilities in the face of cyber-attacks, pose the question not of whether Europe should rearm itself, but how. Germany’s 100bn boost in defence spending and NATO’s decisions to significantly increase its force readiness, extend the Defence Investment Pledge beyond 2024 and establish the Innovation Fund illustrate the European will to maintain robust defence capabilities.

As defence moves up the political agenda in both Europe and North America, and additional resources start to flow, it is pressing to develop a new defence formula that ensures Europe’s security for the turbulent decades ahead. When threat levels rise, the margin for error narrows. Poor decisions regarding equipment or technology can prove fatal or increase risks and vulnerabilities. Taxpayers will also not quickly forgive billions wasted on defence as the cost of living rises and incomes are squeezed. The equation is complicated further by the fact that AI-powered weapon systems, hypersonic missiles, new military satellites, and other emerging and disruptive technologies (EDTs) will profoundly alter planning, command and control, and military operations, which must be considered when making any decision on military modernisation. The immensity of these challenges requires us to face difficult questions, including:

  • Do NATO and EU member states procure the same types of tanks, aircraft and artillery as Russia or do they seek to outmatch Russia by exploiting a technological edge in other domains, such as command and control, cyber, AI and space?
  • Given what we have learned of warfare in Ukraine and elsewhere, which systems are already obsolete and which hold the greatest promise for the future? How can the production of modern weapons be stepped up if defence industries do not have their production lines ready and design teams in place?
  • Do increasing procurement funds offer the EU more scope to promote multinational cooperation among its member states and get more bang for the euro?
  • Will current re-armament efforts by European NATO members contribute to fairer burden-sharing within the alliance?

Moderator

Jamie Shea

Senior Fellow for Peace, Security and Defence at Friends of Europe, and former Deputy Assistant Secretary General for Emerging Security Challenges at the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Speakers

Ludivine Dedonder

Belgian Minister of Defence

Kris Peeters

Vice-President of the European Investment Bank, former deputy prime minister of Belgium and former minister-president of the Flemish government

Jörg See

Deputy Assistant Secretary General for Defence Planning and Policy at NATO HQ

Tomasz Smura

Director of the Research Office at the Casimir Pulaski Foundation (CPF)

Lunch
SESSION II — Looking south: what should security cooperation between Europe and Africa look like?
Expand SESSION II — Looking south: what should security cooperation between Europe and Africa look like?

Despite challenges posed by Russia in central and eastern Europe, we should not overlook threats and instabilities elsewhere on the periphery of Europe. Africa’s population will more than double to almost 3bn people by 2050, , meaning the continent will account for one quarter of the world’s total population in less than 30 years. This offers clear opportunities for Europe-Africa cooperation at multiple levels, but also poses some fundamental challenges for European leaders. To put it bluntly, Europe needs to develop a coherent strategy with Africa to ensure long-term economic and geopolitical benefits for both continents. From the economic standpoint, European and African policymakers must ensure that African youth have sufficient opportunities at home to avoid thousands of young people risking their lives to reach Europe in search of a viable future. Economic inclusion brings about economic and security gains: a greater stake for youth in society, a reduced security threat for disenfranchised young people and a new, youthful market for African and European businesses.

Europe is not Africa’s only option when it comes to cooperation, which means the continent  should be a strategic and geopolitical priority for Europe. If Europe can’t give African nations – and the issues they face – the attention they deserve, they will look to other partners, which includes countries that are antagonistic to European values and ambitions, such as Russia and China. This extensive agenda will demand that European decision-makers, from both the public and private sectors, agree on a common approach to the challenges ahead. Although Europe has its eye on the East, looking south is now an obligation.

Questions include:

  • Europe and Africa face the same security challenges: terrorism, climate change, illegal migration and big power competition. How can regional cooperation organisations, such as the EU, NATO or the African Union, serve as platforms for building and sustaining common responses to the two continents’ shared challenges?
  • Some African countries, with Rwanda being the most striking example, have launched robust digitalisation and connectivity programmes, some of which are already yielding impressive results. How can the private sector and tech companies in particular facilitate cooperation between Europe and Africa?
  • How does European security look from the vantage point of Africa? Is NATO a more credible security partner for African states than the EU given the absence of European defence on the African continent?
  • The Russian aggression against Ukraine has forced NATO to double down on its founding objective of territorial defence, especially on its eastern flank. How can we ensure that the alliance remains equally focused on the security challenges in Africa?
  • In the UN General Assembly vote condemning Russia aggression against Ukraine, 17 African countries abstained. Was this a result of geopolitical pressure or fundamental differences between the Euro-Atlantic community and Africa on global security governance?

Speakers

Elissa Jobson

Chief of Advocacy at International Crisis Group

David Korpela

Head of Cabinet of the European Union Special Representative for the Horn of Africa

Dr Carlos Lopes

Associate Fellow and Professor at the Nelson Mandela School of Public Governance and former high representative of the Commission of the African Union

Alexander Stubb

President of the Republic of Finland

moderator

Holy Ranaivozanany

Head of Outreach, Advocacy and Partnerships at the Africa-Europe Foundation

Coffee break
SESSION III — Emerging and disruptive technologies: game-changers for or against Europe?
Expand SESSION III — Emerging and disruptive technologies: game-changers for or against Europe?

Although the current focus is on conventional warfare, the types of non-conventional attacks that the West has faced over the past decade are not going away. They could even increase on the back of rising tensions between liberal democracies and Russia, as well as other authoritarian powers, notably China. These attacks, also known as hybrid warfare, come in the form of cyber-intrusions, disinformation campaigns, energy blackmail, and supply chain and critical infrastructure manipulations, which test the resilience of liberal democracies and their institutions. The economic, political and societal harm caused by hybrid operations grows with the increasing accessibility and sophistication of emerging and disruptive technologies (EDTs), such as extended reality (XR) and AI.

These technologies have expanded the scope of the battlefield from the traditional kinetic domain to the cognitive one, enabling the creation and dissemination of deepfakes and sophisticated disinformation campaigns that undermine the integrity of democratic processes and polarise public debate. EDTs also carry the promise of ‘democratisation’ and ‘gamification’ of military capabilities, enabling every smartphone user to engage in actions that can result in significant impacts on the battlefield. This was demonstrated by ordinary Ukrainians and sympathising foreigners who found multiple ways to counter the Russian offensive with their connected devices, ranging from cyber-attacks against Russian targets to monitoring the movements of Russian troops via unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This immense transformation of the very concept of warfare requires EU and NATO leaders to adopt an inclusive and whole-of-society approach to security that recognises private companies, civil society representatives and ordinary citizens as key security actors. Failing to address this issue would carry risks that the Euro-Atlantic area has yet to imagine.

Questions include:

  • What lessons can we learn from Ukraine’s successful digital resistance to Russian aggression for enhancing the resilience of our societies in the 21st century?
  • Advances in EDTs, such as AI and XR, present a series of challenges to democratic governance as they allow more efficient manipulation of cognitive processes. How can we ensure that the design and use of these technologies is human and democracy-centric?
  • Given that a large portion of critical infrastructure in Europe and North America is owned and controlled by private companies, what policy reforms are needed to improve public-private cooperation in the security and defence realm?
  • Transformation of warfare and security to include whole-of-society phenomena, as seen in Ukraine, blurs the traditional dividing line between the civilian and military spheres. How can we ensure that protection of civilians, as enshrined in international humanitarian law, remains relevant in future wars?

What should the EU, the United States and other like-minded democracies do to lead the development and enactment of global rules on unregulated or poorly regulated spaces, such as the metaverse, in order to counter the regulatory initiatives of authoritarian states, notably China and Russia?

Speakers

Mark Boris Andrijanič

Member of the Governing Board of the European Institute of Innovation & Technology (EIT)

Valeriya Ionan

Ukrainian Deputy Minister for European Integration

Kavya Pearlman

Founder and Chief Executive Officer of XR Safety Initiative (XRSI)

Kira Rudik

Member of the Ukrainian Parliament

Richard Spearman

Senior External Affairs Advisor for Security and Resilience at Vodafone Group

Moderator

Paul Taylor

Senior Fellow for Peace, Security and Defence at Friends of Europe

Coffee break
SESSION IV — Post-war future of Ukraine: what is the endgame for Europe?
Expand SESSION IV — Post-war future of Ukraine: what is the endgame for Europe?

The recent advances by the Ukrainian armed forces show that Ukraine is capable not just of defence but also of large-scale counteroffensives to reclaim the territories occupied by the Russian invaders. In retaliation to a series of successful military operations by Ukraine, such as the attack against the Kerch Bridge or drone attacks on the Russian Black Sea fleet, Russia has intensified missile strikes on civilian areas and critical infrastructure in Kyiv and other Ukrainian cities, doubled down on its nuclear sabre-rattling and held sham referendums in the occupied territories. Notwithstanding this mounting pressure, the resolve of the Ukrainian government, as well as its citizens, to militarily defeat Russia remains unchanged.

Provided that the EU and NATO maintain the constant supply of sophisticated weaponry to Ukraine, such as anti-ballistic missile systems and precision-guided ammunition, Ukrainian victory on the battlefield may be a reality. However, paraphrasing European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, for Putin to fail and Europe to prevail, Europe must have a clear strategy for both post-war Ukraine and Russia. As to Ukraine, the EU must support the country’s reconstruction, democratic development and speedy integration of the country’s economy in the single market as a path towards full EU membership.

Regarding Russia, the EU must end its geopolitical holiday by accepting the fact that it will be not possible to restore normal relations with the imperial and revisionist regime of Vladimir Putin, as it represents a direct threat to the integrity of the EU as a community built on sovereign equality of states and democratic values.

Questions include:

  • How can we ensure that Russia remains not only denied victory in the war but also prevented from continuing the war?
  • Can there be a full-fledged reconstruction of Ukraine without comprehensive guarantees of Ukrainian sovereignty and territorial integrity by EU and NATO states?
  • How can the physical reconstruction of Ukraine be matched by its political reconstruction, for instance, fighting corruption, modernising the country’s industry and greening its economy and energy supplies, as well as building resilience and strengthening its security and defence?
  • Is it realistic that Russia could be made to pay for the war damage it has caused? Should sanctions be maintained for this purpose, such as confiscation of assets?

Speakers

Oleksandr V. Danylyuk

Head of the Centre for Defence Reforms, former Chief Advisor to the Minister of Defense of Ukraine and former Special Advisor to the Head of the Foreign Intelligence Service of Ukraine

Mariam Kintsurashvili

Director of Programs at Generation i and Researcher at Transition International

Kyllike Sillaste-Elling

Undersecretary for Political Affairs at Estonian Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Veronica Tsepkalo

Belarus opposition leader, Founder and Chair of the Belarus Women’s Foundation

Dmytro Zolotukhin

Founder of the Institute of Post-Information Society and former Ukrainian deputy minister of information policy

moderator

Jaap de Hoop Scheffer

Minister of State, President of the Dutch Advisory Council on International Affairs, former NATO secretary-general and former Dutch foreign minister and Trustee of Friends of Europe

Transatlantic Essay Contest Award Ceremony
Cocktails
Speakers

Speakers

Photo of Mark Boris Andrijanič
Mark Boris Andrijanič

Member of the Governing Board of the European Institute of Innovation & Technology (EIT)

Show more information on Mark Boris Andrijanič

Mark Boris Andrijanic is the former Slovenian first minister of digital transformation. During Slovenia’s presidency of the Council of the EU, he chaired the Telecommunications and Energy Council and the Competitiveness Council. Under his leadership, EU member states approved the general approach to the Digital Services Act and made progress on the European declaration on digital rights and principles. Previously, Boris Andrijanic has led the National Digitalisation Council, an advisory body to the Slovenian government, and Uber’s public policy in central and eastern Europe. He is a David Rockefeller Fellow at the Trilateral Commission and the recipient of the Ukraine Peace Prize for his efforts to strengthen Ukraine’s digital resilience.

Hendrik Bourgeois
Hendrik Bourgeois

Vice-President of European Government Affairs at Intel

Show more information on Hendrik Bourgeois

Prior his current position, Hendrik Bourgeois was the head of government affairs in Europe and Russia at Apple. He previously served as vice president of corporate affairs in Europe, the Middle East and Africa at Cargill and occupied several positions at General Electric, including as European general counsel and vice-president of European affairs, European competition counsel and European general counsel for general electric industrial systems. He has also worked for Jones Day as an associate.

Oleksandr Danylyuk
Oleksandr V. Danylyuk

Head of the Centre for Defence Reforms, former Chief Advisor to the Minister of Defense of Ukraine and former Special Advisor to the Head of the Foreign Intelligence Service of Ukraine

Show more information on Oleksandr V. Danylyuk

Oleksandr V. Danylyuk is a specialist in Soviet and Russian intelligence, hybrid aggression and multidimensional warfare. He has served as the coordinator of the Ukraine-NATO platform for the early detection and countering of hybrid threats. Prior this, he has worked as the chief advisor to the Ukrainian Minister of Defence. Danylyuk has held several other positions within the Ukrainian government, including as an assistant to the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and a special advisor to the Head of the Foreign Intelligence Service of Ukraine. He was also a member of the Ukrainian parliamentary working group on countering hybrid threats.

Ludivine Dedonder
Ludivine Dedonder

Belgian Minister of Defence

Show more information on Ludivine Dedonder

Prior to her current appointment, Ludivine Dedonder has served as a member of the Belgian Federal Parliament. She is the former co-president of the Socialist Federation of Picardy Wallonia and alderman of Tournai. Prior to her political career, she worked as a journalist.

Valeriya Ionan
Valeriya Ionan

Ukrainian Deputy Minister for European Integration

Show more information on Valeriya Ionan

In her current position at the Ministry of Digital Transformation of Ukraine, Valeriya Ionan has notably launched the Diia Digital Education platform to improve digital education hubs in Ukraine. She is Vice-President of the Youth Centre of the Atlantic Council of Ukraine, Ambassador of the Ukrainian Boxing Federation and Managing Partner of Quadrate 28. In addition to experience in marketing and business development, she founded the local MC.today online media publication, served as the promotion director at say.tv and worked as an organiser at Disrupt HR Kyiv.

Photo of Elissa Jobson
Elissa Jobson

Chief of Advocacy at International Crisis Group

Show more information on Elissa Jobson

In her current role at the Crisis Group, Elissa Jobson provides strategic direction and oversight for the organisation’s advocacy and is responsible for developing strategies to maximise the organisation’s policy impact. She previously served as the director of Africa regional advocacy and acted as the organisation’s main liaison with the African Union. Prior to joining the Crisis Group, Jobson was a media relations specialist with UNICEF in New York, where she helped coordinate public advocacy around the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Before that, she was a journalist working for The Guardian, Africa Confidential, The Africa Report and Business Day, among other publications.

Photo of Antti Kaikkonen
Antti Kaikkonen

Finnish Minister of Defence

Show more information on Antti Kaikkonen

Antti Kaikkonen has served as a Member of the Finnish Parliament for nearly two decades. He is the former president of the Young Centre Alliance (Nuoren Keskustan Liitto) and has previously worked as an advisor to a member of the Finnish Parliament.

Mariam Kintsurashvili
Mariam Kintsurashvili

Director of Programs at Generation i and Researcher at Transition International

Show more information on Mariam Kintsurashvili

Mariam Kintsurashvili is a strategic communications expert in security sector transformation, police reform, peacebuilding, small arms control, local development and gender mainstreaming in conflict affected regions in Georgia, Ukraine, East Africa and the Middle East. In addition to her current positions at Generation i and Transition International, she is also a Research Fellow at the Eurasia Democratic Security Network (EDSN), an independent consultant in strategic communications. She has previously worked as an advisor on communications, gender and community policies at Agriteam Canada Consulting and strategic communications consultant at the European Union Advisory Mission in Ukraine. She also served as a public information officer at the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS). Throughout her career, she has played a key role in initiatives such as the introduction of community policing in Ukraine, weapons marking and disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration (DDR) for the Government of South Sudan, and countering disinformation in Eastern Partnership countries.

David Korpela
David Korpela

Head of Cabinet of the European Union Special Representative for the Horn of Africa

Show more information on David Korpela

Prior to assuming his current position, David Korpela worked in the Office of European Union Special Representative (EUSR) to the Horn of African as a regional political advisor, in which role he primarily focused on Somalia, Ethiopia, Eritrea and the Red Sea. Before joining the team of the EUSR, Korpela served as a senior policy advisor for conflict affected and fragile states at the Finnish Ministry for Foreign Affairs. He has also worked as a political advisor for the EU Capacity Building Mission in Somalia (EUCAP Somalia) based in Mogadishu, and as an East Africa regional representative and Haiti country representative at Finn Church Aid.

Torsten Küpper
Torsten Küpper

Head of Government Affairs and Public Policy for Europe, Middle East and Africa at Dell Technologies

Show more information on Torsten Küpper

Prior his current position, Torsten Küpper worked at Qualcomm CDMA Technologies as a senior director of government affairs in Europe and also held a seat on the Board of Qualcomm. He has previously served as vice-president of corporate, government and public affairs; deputy general counsel; and head of legal for EU, commercial and competition law at Huawei Germany. Küpper has also worked as senior legal counsel for Vodafone Luxembourg and Vodafone Germany.

Carlos Lopes
Dr Carlos Lopes

Associate Fellow and Professor at the Nelson Mandela School of Public Governance and former high representative of the Commission of the African Union

Show more information on Dr Carlos Lopes

Carlos Lopes is a Bissau-Guinean economist and civil servant, who specialises in strategic planning and development. He was the executive secretary of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa prior to assuming his current role. Lopes has previously served as the UN assistant secretary-general, political director for the UN Secretary-General and executive director of the UN Institute for Training and Research. He has also held several positions at the UNDP, including the resident representative in Zimbabwe and Brazil, the director of the Office of Evaluation and Strategic Planning, and the director of the Bureau for Development Policy.

Karen Massin
Karen Massin

Head of EU Government Affairs and Public Policy at Google

Show more information on Karen Massin

Specialised in EU regulatory and public affairs, Karen Massin currently leads Google’s EU government affairs and public policy operations in Brussels. She previously served as the CEO of public affairs consultancy BCW in Brussels, in which role she coordinated government affairs and communication consultancy with a focus on EU and international policy, as well as provided policy council and intelligence on EU public affairs issues.

Photo of Kavya Pearlman
Kavya Pearlman

Founder and Chief Executive Officer of XR Safety Initiative (XRSI)

Show more information on Kavya Pearlman

Kavya Pearlman is an award-winning cyber-security professional with a deep interest in immersive and emerging technologies. As the Founder and CEO of XRSI, Pearlman is a pioneer of the organisation’s novel Privacy and Safety Framework for the Immersive Technologies Domain, security awareness in the metaverse, and various baseline security and privacy standards for emerging technologies. Pearlman serves as a member of the Global Coalition for Digital Safety at the World Economic Forum (WEF) and is part of the new WEF initiative, Defining and Building the Metaverse. She currently advises over 20 global governments on global policies for emerging technologies and human rights considerations and provides oversight to several key open-source efforts on metaverse-related technologies.

Kris Peeters
Kris Peeters

Vice-President of the European Investment Bank, former deputy prime minister of Belgium and former minister-president of the Flemish government

Show more information on Kris Peeters

As the Vice-President of the European Investment Bank, Kris Peeters oversees the financing of security and defence, as well as relations with the European Parliament and NATO. His work as a former member of the European Parliament focused on justice and home, defence and foreign affairs, with a special interest in NATO-related topics. Peeters previously served as the Belgian deputy prime minister and minister of economy, consumer welfare and labour, prior to which he was the minister-president of the Flemish government. A lawyer by trade, he has also held several managing positions at UNIZO, the Belgian Union of Self-Employed Entrepreneurs and SMEs.

Kira Rudik
Kira Rudik

Member of the Ukrainian Parliament

Show more information on Kira Rudik

Kira Rudik is the Vice President of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) and Leader of the Ukrainian Holos Liberal Political Party. As a Member of the Ukrainian parliament, she serves as the First Deputy Chairwoman of the Parliament Committee on Digital Transformation. Before entering politics, Rudik was an IT entrepreneur and sat on the boards of the American Chamber of Commerce in Ukraine and the IT Ukraine Association. A graduate of the Executive Program in Women’s Leadership at Stanford University, she has been named among the top 100 most influential women in Ukraine by Focus and Novoe Vremya (New Times) magazines.

Jörg See
Jörg See

Deputy Assistant Secretary General for Defence Planning and Policy at NATO HQ

Show more information on Jörg See

Specialised in defence challenges, Jörg See served as the chief of the Operations and Missions Section for the German Military Representative to the EU and NATO prior to his current role at NATO HQ. He has previously held several positions abroad, including as a military assistant to the Commander of the NATO Mission in Kosovo (KFOR) and CJ-35 operations staff at the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) Headquarters in Afghanistan. He is also the former deputy senior military assistant chief of branch for military personal development within the German Federal Minister of Defence.

Kyllike Sillaste-Elling
Kyllike Sillaste-Elling

Undersecretary for Political Affairs at Estonian Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Show more information on Kyllike Sillaste-Elling

Prior to assuming her current position, Kyllike Sillaste-Elling has held several positions at the Estonian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, including as director-general of the department for NATO and transatlantic relations, permanent representative of Estonia to NATO and director-general of the minister’s office. She has also worked as the undersecretary for political affairs and as deputy head of the Estonian embassy in the United States, as well as a foreign policy advisor to the Estonian prime minister and the first secretary at the Estonian embassy in the United Kingdom.

Alexander Stubb
Alexander Stubb

President of the Republic of Finland

Show more information on Alexander Stubb

Alexander Stubb is President of the Republic of Finland. Prior to this role, Stubb served as Finland’s Prime Minister and previously served as the country’s finance minister, foreign minister and trade and Europe minister. Previously, Stubb was Director of the School of Transnational Governance at the European University Institute and as the Vice President of the European Investment Bank.  

Dr Tomasz Smura
Tomasz Smura

Director of the Research Office at the Casimir Pulaski Foundation (CPF)

Show more information on Tomasz Smura

Tomasz Smura currently leads the CPF Research Office and serves as a Member of the CPF Board. An independent, non-profit organisation, CPF is the main organiser of the Warsaw Security Forum, an annual European security conference with a strong focus on transatlantic cooperation. Smura’s research interests include United States foreign policy, East Asia and international security. His doctoral dissertation concerned the development of the system of balance of power in East Asia.

Richard Spearman
Richard Spearman

Senior External Affairs Advisor for Security and Resilience at Vodafone Group

Show more information on Richard Spearman

Specialised in security and threats, Richard Spearman previously served as the group corporate security director at the Vodafone Group before assuming his current position. Prior joining the Vodafone Group, Spearman held several positions within the Foreign and Commonwealth Office of the United Kingdom, including at the British embassies in France, Turkey and the United States. He has also worked for Save the Children Fund UK in Pakistan and Gambia.

Veronica Tsepkalo
Veronica Tsepkalo

Belarus opposition leader, Founder and Chair of the Belarus Women’s Foundation

Show more information on Veronica Tsepkalo

Veronica Tsepkalo was one of the three leaders of the national democratic movement in Belarus. Along with Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya and Maria Kalesnikava, she succeeded in bringing together an unprecedented number of people to protest against a regime that violates human rights, falsified presidential elections and uses brutal violence against its citizens. The trio have recently been nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize, and have already received International Democracy and Sakharov Awards. Currently, Veronica is supporting Belarusian women who have been on the receiving end of the regime’s cruelty, as the chair of the Belarus Women’s Foundation.

Leendert van Bochoven
Leendert van Bochoven

Global Director for National Security at IBM

Show more information on Leendert van Bochoven

Prior his current position, Leendert van Bochoven has held several positions at IBM. Notably, he has previously served as the NATO and European defence leader. He was the director of the Baan Institute before joining IBM.

Dmytro Zolotukhin
Dmytro Zolotukhin

Founder of the Institute of Post-Information Society and former Ukrainian deputy minister of information policy

Show more information on Dmytro Zolotukhin

Dmytro Zolotukhin is a disinformation and information security expert. Prior to serving as the deputy minister of the Ukrainian Ministry of Information Policy, he founded the Institute of Post-Information Society to train journalists, bloggers, social media users and entrepreneurs on information security and citizen journalism. Zolotukhin has previously worked as an information warfare consultant for the National Security and Defence Council of Ukraine and as an independent competitive intelligence specialist. Notably, he co-authored the Doctrine of Information Security of Ukraine, adopted in February 2017.

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