Europe-China Forum 2025

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What happened?

Strengthening cooperation: EU-China relations as a source of stability and certainty

The EU and China need a new diplomatic consensus to navigate through multinational challenges in defence of the liberal order and human rights, the audience heard at the Europe-China Forum 2025.

“We should be partners looking ahead responsibly, to develop a shared understanding,” said Bruno Angelet, Ambassador of Belgium in China, speaking at the Friends of Europe event on the 50th anniversary of EU-China diplomatic relations.

Ambassador Cai Run, Head of Mission and Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the People’s Republic of China to the European Union, also laid out a vision for future cooperation. “Like-mindedness makes for partnership,” he highlighted, “and seeking common ground while respecting differences also defines partnership.”

China has invested more than $100bn in the EU, and trade reaches over US $800bn yearly, highlighted Biwei Liu, Vice President of the China Public Diplomacy Association. “Can China leave the EU? Will China leave the EU? My personal response is no,” Liu said, stressing that neither of the two global powers can decouple from one another. From this understanding, a new common-ground framework for cooperation can be developed.

Pascal Lamy, Coordinator of the Jacques Delors Institutes, agreed that four decades after the EU started “massive investment” in China, there is a need for “principles to guide the way. We both will benefit.” Similarly, he affirmed that “if the US wants to go protectionist, let the US go protectionist. They’ll probably pay for that, but we should not have to pay for that”, connecting it to the need for the EU and China to support the multilateral system based on institutions like the WTO.

Presenting the European perspective on the diplomatic relationship with China, Bernd Bievert, Head of Cabinet for Trade Commissioner Sefcovic, laid out three principles of positive dialogue. “The first is engagement and dialogue. The second is that we are not decoupling but we are rather diversifying and derisking trade. Third, we are in a new geopolitical and economic sphere, and we must recognise some of the negative impacts to trade and defence interests,” said Bievert.

Jos Delbeke, former European Commission director-general for climate action, emphasised that “we work on the ‘made with Europe’ kind of slogan in terms of cooperating with China in particular but also with a lot of other countries in the world”. This slogan might send a better message to our partners and reassure them that the political agenda of the EU is about derisking only.


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PHOTO CREDIT: Shutterstock| William Barton

Schedule

Schedule

Welcome and registration
SESSION I – Forging synergy: the EU and China as promoters of international cooperation
Expand SESSION I – Forging synergy: the EU and China as promoters of international cooperation

As a result of changes in US leadership and policymaking, a window of opportunity is emerging for the EU and China to redefine their relationship. The two actors face the opportunity to work together to address pressing international challenges, most notably through closer cooperation on global governance through multilateral platforms. Pandemic prevention and preparedness, climate action, AI governance and green tech are some of the areas where EU-China strategic alignment could be key for global governance challenges. The recent EU-China Summit has paved the way forward in this regard.

However, challenges persist due to differences in the EU and China’s approaches, including their stances on some geopolitical issues. Additionally, the EU’s emphasis on sustainability and democratic values is often not compatible with China’s economic model and political system. To overcome these differences, both will have to find common ground principles and pursue agreed objectives in global governance and multilateral platforms.

  • How can China and the EU strengthen strategic alignment and trust built upon shared global responsibility?
  • Based on the commitments resulting from the latest EU-China Summit, which factors can facilitate closer collaboration on climate, green transition and other global issues, and what are the obstacles? How can they be overcome?
  • How should the EU and China coordinate their respective initiatives to provide more common public goods?
  • What measures can be taken to ensure that climate diplomacy continues?

With

Hongjian Cui

Director at the Center for the European Union and Regional Development Studies, and Professor of the Academy of Regional and Global Governance at Beijing Foreign Studies University (BFSU)

Jos Delbeke

EIB Chair on Climate Policy and International Carbon Markets at the European University Institute, and former European Commission’s Director-General for Climate Action

Signe Ratso

Deputy Director-General at the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Research and Innovation

Jiemian Yang

Senior Fellow and Chairman of Shanghai Institutes for International Studies (SIIS) Academic Consultative Council

Moderator

Dharmendra Kanani

Chief Operating Officer and Chief Spokesperson of Friends of Europe

Coffee break
SESSION II – Striking a balance: from economic divergences to closer cooperation
Expand SESSION II – Striking a balance: from economic divergences to closer cooperation

As significant players in global trade and economics, amicable relations between China and the EU are becoming increasingly necessary. China is the EU’s third largest partner for exports (8.3%) and its largest partner for imports (21.3%). Economic and trade policies therefore, remain central issues in every discussion relating to these two giants. In response to growing concerns about economic resilience, the EU has moved to reduce strategic dependencies and strengthen its economic security. Initiatives like the EU Chips Act and the Critical Raw Materials Act aim to diversify supply chains and support key sectors. While the EU frames this approach as focused on diversification rather than disengagement, it is sometimes perceived differently by China.

Yet, China’s exports are needed in the EU market to support the EU’s green and digital transitions, including in sectors such as renewable energy, green innovation and other emerging technologies. The stalled Comprehensive Agreement on Investment (CAI) negotiations of 2020 were shaped by a different economic and technological landscape. A 2025 CAI would need to address new realities, especially around AI, robotics, electric vehicles (EVs) and digital standards, issues which were largely absent from the earlier framework. As both sides reassess their priorities, the future of EU-China economic ties will depend less on idealism and more on clear interests, realistic expectations and careful negotiation.

  • To what extent can the EU and China cooperate to maintain resilient and reliable supply chains for the majority of goods and services they trade?
  • In light of today’s rapidly evolving technological and geopolitical landscape, is a revamped EU-China Comprehensive Agreement on Investment still feasible? What would a forward-looking CAI need to include to reflect new realities like AI, robotics and the EV sector?
  • To what extent could joint ventures, especially in areas like electric mobility and green technology, offer a pragmatic pathway for Europe to import and adapt Chinese technologies while safeguarding its strategic autonomy?

With

Bernd Biervert

Head of Cabinet to Maroš Šefčovič, European Commissioner for Trade and Economic Security, Interinstitutional Relations and Transparency

Linlin Liang

Director of Communication and Research at the China Chamber of Commerce to the EU (CCCEU)

Sebastian Schwark

Chief Strategy Officer at the Global Solutions Initiative

Yiwei Wang

Jean Monnet Chair Professor, Director of the Institute of International Affairs and of the Center for European Union Studies at Renmin University of China

Hai Zhao

Director of International Political Studies at the National Institute for Global Strategy at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

Moderator

Valbona Zeneli

Senior Fellow for Peace, Security and Defence at Friends of Europe, senior fellow at Europe Center and Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security, Atlantic Council of the United States

Lunch break
End of the Forum
Speakers

Speakers

Bruno Angelet
Bruno Angelet

Ambassador of Belgium in China

Show more information on Bruno Angelet

With over thirty years of experience in diplomacy, Ambassador Bruno Angelet is the current ambassador of Belgium to the People’s Republic of China and Mongolia. He has previously served as ambassador of Belgium and ambassador of the EU to the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, in addition to postings at the Belgian Embassy in Rwanda, Tanzania, Turkey, Germany, and at the Belgian Permanent Representation to the European Union. Interested in the EU’s security and defense policy and the history of European integration, Ambassador Angelet was the Security Policy Director of the Belgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and lectures on security.

Bernd Biervert
Bernd Biervert

Head of Cabinet to Maroš Šefčovič, European Commissioner for Trade and Economic Security, Interinstitutional Relations and Transparency

Show more information on Bernd Biervert

Bernd Biervert is Head of Cabinet to Maroš Šefčovič, European Commissioner for Trade and Economic Security, Interinstitutional Relations and Transparency. He has held several senior roles in the European Commission, including Head of the Clean Energy Transition and Ecological and Social Transitions units in DG Research & Innovation. He previously served as Deputy Head of Cabinet to Vice-President Šefčovič and as Member of Cabinet to Commissioners Ján Fige and Šefčovič. A qualified judge, he has extensive experience in European law and governance.

Photo of Jos Delbeke
Jos Delbeke

EIB Chair on Climate Policy and International Carbon Markets at the European University Institute, and former European Commission’s Director-General for Climate Action

Show more information on Jos Delbeke

Professor Jos Delbeke holds the first EIB Chair on Climate Policy and International Carbon Markets and was previously Director-General of the European Commission’s DG for Climate Action (2010-2018). Delbeke was involved in setting the EU’s climate and energy targets for 2020 and 2030, and in developing EU legislation on the Emissions Trading System (ETS), cars and fuels, air quality, emissions from big industrial installations and chemicals (REACH). He developed Europe’s International Climate Change strategy and was the European Commission’s chief negotiator at the UNFCCC Conference of the Parties, playing a key role in the EU’s implementation of the Kyoto Protocol and in negotiations on the Paris Agreement.

Cui Hongjian
Hongjian Cui

Director at the Center for the European Union and Regional Development Studies, and Professor of the Academy of Regional and Global Governance at Beijing Foreign Studies University (BFSU)

Show more information on Hongjian Cui

Dr Cui Hongjian has long been engaged in research in international relations, European affairs and Chinese diplomacy. In his former role, Cui directed and oversaw all research projects of the Department of European Studies of the China Institute of International Studies. He has been associated with the CIIS for over two decades. Cui is also a Member of the China Economic and Social Council, Vice-President of the Council of the Chinese Association of European Studies and the Executive Director of the European Studies Center at the China Foundation for International Studies.

Photo of Pascal Lamy
Pascal Lamy

Coordinator of the Jacques Delors Institutes, former director-general of the World Trade Organisation, former European commissioner and Trustee of Friends of Europe

Show more information on Pascal Lamy

Pascal Lamy is a French politician and the Vice President of the Paris Peace Forum, a new innovative global governance initiative. He served as the director-general of the World Trade Organization (WTO) for two consecutive terms, prior to which he was the European commissioner for trade and head of cabinet for former Commission president, Jacques Delores. Currently an associate professor at the Institut d’Etudes Politiques de Paris, Lamy also frequently lectures at the Institut Jacques Delors and speaks on issues related to globalisation, global governance, international trade, international economics and regional integration. He has written several publications on the European Union and the ‘harmonising’ of globalisation and is a Trustee of Friends of Europe.

Linlin Liang
Linlin Liang

Director of Communication and Research at the China Chamber of Commerce to the EU (CCCEU)

Show more information on Linlin Liang

In her current position, Liang Linlin is responsible for communication, media relations and research on China-EU trade and business relations at the CCCEU. She has also coordinated and worked as an editor for the chamber’s annual flagship reports. Prior to joining the CCCEU, Liang covered China’s foreign affairs in Beijing and EU business and trade in Brussels for the Xinhua News Agency. Previously, she also worked as an advisor, providing consultancy services to various organisations, including the international business association ChinaEU.

LIU Biwei
Biwei Liu

Vice President of the China Public Diplomacy Association

Show more information on Biwei Liu

Biwei Liu has served as the Vice President of the China Public Diplomacy Association since 2018. After joining the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) in 1979, Liu has also served as the Ambassador Extraordinary to Denmark and Ireland, as well as a number of other roles in the United States, Laos and Ethiopia.

Photo of Signe Ratso
Signe Ratso

Deputy Director-General at the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Research and Innovation

Show more information on Signe Ratso

Signe Ratso is Deputy Director-General at the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, where she is responsible for innovation, prosperity and international cooperation, and serves as Chief Negotiator for Horizon Europe association policy. She previously held senior management roles in DG Trade and served as Deputy Secretary-General at the Estonian Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications. Ratso has extensive experience in international economic relations, research and innovation policy, and European integration.

Cai Run
Cai Run

Head of Mission and Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the People’s Republic of China to the European Union

Show more information on Cai Run

Cai Run is the current Chinese Ambassador to the European Union. Previously, he served as Ambassador of China to Portugal and then to Israel.

Sebastian Schwark
Sebastian Schwark

Chief Strategy Officer at the Global Solutions Initiative

Show more information on Sebastian Schwark

Dr. Sebastian Schwark is a Senior Advisor with the Global Solutions Initiative in Berlin. A political scientist by training, he graduated with a Ph.D. from Georg-August-Universität Göttigen with a thesis on German anti-Americanism. He was a Fellow at Columbia University’s European Institute in New York and The German Marshall Fund of the United States in Washington, DC, and Berlin. In addition to his position at GSI, he is CEO of SEC Newgate Deutschland, a strategic communications consultancy focused on Corporate Affairs, geopolitical advisory, and crisis and issues management.

Professor-Yang-Jiemian
Jiemian Yang

Senior Fellow and Chairman of Shanghai Institutes for International Studies (SIIS) Academic Consultative Council

Show more information on Jiemian Yang

Dr Jiemian Yang is a Senior Fellow and Chairman of SIIS Academic Consultative Council and Counsellor of Shanghai Municipal People’s Government. He has also served as a board member of the China National Association for International Studies, the Chinese People Institute of Foreign Affairs, the National Association of China-U.S. Friendship, the National Association of American Studies, Shanghai and many other organizations.

wang yiwei
Yiwei Wang

Jean Monnet Chair Professor, Director of the Institute of International Affairs and of the Center for European Union Studies at Renmin University of China

Show more information on Yiwei Wang

Yiwei Wang is a Jean Monnet Chair Professor and the Director of the Institute of International Affairs at Renmin University of China. He is also an expert adviser of CCPIT Advisory Committee and Turkish TRT World Forum, the Council Member of China Center for International Economic Exchanges (CCIEE), and the Chinese People’s Institute of Foreign Affairs (CPIFA). He was formerly diplomat of the Chinese Mission to the European Union (2008-2011) and a professor at numerous universities in China and the United States.

Photo of Hai Zhao
Hai Zhao

Director of International Political Studies at the National Institute for Global Strategy at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

Show more information on Hai Zhao

Dr. Zhao is the Director of International Political Studies at the National Institute for Global Strategy, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (NIGS-CASS). He is concurrently a senior fellow at the Institute of World Economics and Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (IWEP-CASS). Prior to joining CASS in 2017, he was a research fellow at the National Strategy Institute of Tsinghua University (NSI) after graduating from the University of Chicago with a Ph.D. in international history.

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