Ongoing strategic security reviews by NATO and the European Union present an opportunity for both organisations to boost cooperation and strengthen transatlantic security at a time of unprecedented geopolitical challenges, speakers at Friends of Europe’s annual peace, security and defence summit agreed.
“Transatlantic unity and a stronger Europe go hand in hand,” Charles Fries, Deputy Secretary General for Common Security and Defence Policy and Crisis Response at the EU’s External Action Service, told the event. “NATO is and will remain central to the European security architecture … at the same time, we consider that at the EU level we need to take more responsibility for our own security.”
The summit entitled ‘Strategic foresight: a zero-sum game?’ was held in the week when a first draft of the EU’s ‘Strategic Compass’, setting out the Union’s response to the new range of security challenges, was presented to foreign and defence ministers in Brussels. The plan is due to be adopted by EU leaders at the European Council meeting in March.
In parallel, NATO is working on an update of its Strategic Concept to adapt the Alliance to 21st-Century realities. The first major overhaul of strategic thinking since 2010 is scheduled for approval at a summit in Madrid next June. Feeding into it is the NATO 2030 reflection process designed to map the path for the Alliance to become stronger militarily and politically, while taking a more global approach.
Although calls for a stronger European defence role have sometimes triggered anxiety in Washington over duplication of efforts or a weakening of commitment to NATO, Molly Montgomery, Deputy Assistant Secretary in the Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs of the US State Dept., was upbeat on the new EU blueprint.
“We really have welcomed the launch of the Strategic Compass,” she told the Friends of Europe event in a video link from Washington. “We look forward to having consultations on it as we move forward.”
Montgomery emphasised the current ‘close relations’ between the EU and US, and the ‘shared perception of the threats that we face and how we need to move forward together as a transatlantic alliance’.
China, military mobility, operations and activities, cyber and hybrid, and emerging security challenges, were among the areas Montgomery placed on the US wish list for greater EU- NATO cooperation.
“For us, NATO is the cornerstone of transatlantic security and will always remain so, but we also view the EU as an increasingly important partner,” she said. “We really do believe that a stronger Europe is in US interests, but that it also requires us to ensure that we remain coordinated to ensure that all of these efforts that the EU is undertaking are complementary with NATO.”
Those words dovetailed with Fries’ assertation that: “By getting stronger, the EU will be a better partner for NATO. It is a mutually reinforcing partnership.”
Among the wide range of government and international officials, military commanders, private-sector players and independent experts who participated in the 4 ½ hour event, there was consensus the fast-evolving range of threats – emphasised by the current tension on the borders of Belarus and Ukraine – showed the need for NATO and the EU to work close together, and for Europeans to strengthen their security capabilities to the benefit of both organisations.
“There is an enormous awareness now, including in our public opinion, that the comfortable age that we’ve lived through over several decades has come to an end and the security threats that we face are real, they are palpable,” said João Gomes Cravinho, Portuguese Minister of National Defence. “Collective security through NATO is not the solution to all of the challenges that we face, so we have to have the capacity to respond in other manners, including through the European Union.”
Speakers stressed that upgraded planning and increased cooperation need to be matched with more and better-targeted defence spending to bolster Europe’s security capabilities.
Benedetta Berti, Head of Policy Planning in the Office of the Secretary General at NATO and International Policy and Security Consultant, welcomed a greater European commitment to build up defence forces.
“The important point is this emphasis on capabilities. This is fantastic,” she said. “The more we remain output orientated the better, the more we talk about what can European member states develop together, what kind of capabilities, what kind of concrete input can we use to support our security. That’s much more useful than … institutions, structures.”
That capacity building needs to focus on innovation as new technological developments, such as artificial intelligence, hypersonic weapons, quantum warfare and increasingly complex cyber threats, present a growing challenge.
“Our competitors are shaping the environment, they are competing every day, the threats are permanent, they are boundless, and they are simultaneously used … we have to manage that,” cautioned Gen. Philippe Lavigne, NATO’s Supreme Allied Commander Transformation.
“We need more and more innovation to adapt faster, to be agile and we need innovation coming from our societies, open innovation, in order to continue to get the advantage,” he said in a pre-recorded interview from Allied Command Transformation in Virginia.
The security and defence summit also saw the launch of the executive summary of Friends of Europe’s latest European Defence Study, authored by Senior Fellow Paul Taylor.
In ‘Murky waters: the Black Sea region and European security’, Taylor argues that NATO promised Ukraine and Georgia more than it could deliver by declaring in 2008 that they could one day join the Alliance without saying when or how. When Russia took military action against Georgia in 2008 and Ukraine in 2014, the two countries were left to fend for themselves.
“The truth is that neither Americans nor Europeans are willing to go to war with Russia over Ukraine and Georgia. Nor are they willing to risk rushing them into NATO to test whether President Vladimir Putin is bluffing or not,” Taylor says.
Instead, NATO should help the Ukrainian and Georgian armed forces to strengthen their own deterrence and resilience with training, equipment, more-frequent joint exercises and intelligence sharing.
For its part, the EU needs to develop a comprehensive strategy for the Black Sea region and raise the level of political engagement with Georgia, Ukraine and Moldova in an ‘Eastern Partnership Plus’.
